The Reality of War Exposed in Journeys End by R.C Sheriff :: English Literature

The Reality of War Exposed in Journeys End by R.C SheriffIn the play Journeys end R.C Sherrif recreates the redoubtedstress and fear by the men at the front in the First World War. Inthis essay I am going to nidus on two characters, who show stress andfear. The two characters the essay will focus on are Stanhope, who isthe captain and Hibbert who is an officer. A couple of backgroundrealities roughly the war are that it started in 1914 and a numerouscountries were changed like Germany and England. This war wasdissimilar to other wars that were formerly fought because they usedmore up to date weapons much(prenominal) as gas bombs and machine guns. It wasestimated that nine million people died. R.C Sherriff was once himselfin the World War one, as an officer in the East Surrey Regiment. Hewas injured in the battle of Passchendael in 1917. Journeys end isbased upon his past experiences in the war - reflecting the way he andhis comrades lived and fought and repeating some of its even ts. R.CSherriff wrote other play, a few novels and quite a few film scripts.R.C Sherriff is best remembered for Journeys End.R.C Sherriff reconstructs the war in Journeys end by making theaudience feel as if they are there in the war with the characters. Theplay is based in the officers remove out, which was where the most actiontook place. In do to make the audience feel as if they were therein the war R.C Sherriff made notes in the stage directions like forexample the red and green smooth of German alarm rockets comes faintlythrough the dugout door in this example the stage which the playwould be carried out would have been pitch coloured and red greenflashing lights and loud bangs which represents the war, it makes itas if the audience feel as if they were there. The audience would feellike they involved with the characters because of personal things theywere saying, for example an argument.The dug out which is shown in most scenes of the play, where it isset is very small wi th only one table. The situations in the trencheswould have been extremely uncomfortable for the men this can be verystressful for the men at times. This can be noticed from certainthings in the characters actions, Captain hardy a red faced demonstrablelooking man is sitting on a box by the table, he concentrated ondrying his sock over a candle shine.

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Revolutionary War EssayThere were so many famous spies that were snarled in the revolutionary war, and helped tremendously. The British and the Colonist had spies that did work against each side. Benjamin Franklin was not only an inventor he was also a spy he went to England multiple times and spied on parliament for the Colonist. His family was loyal to the crown so he could get in and out without being suspicious or airlift any alarm. Nathan Hale was also a major spy who made a difference in the war. He only had one mission as a spy, because he was caught. His occupation was being a school teacher in England, while being the school teacher he would collect his notes on what he saw that would help the Colonist. As he was going to a meeting to give the information he wrote down to the Americans he was caught. He intellection that the boat arriving was the Americans when really it was the British, and when they stopped for him they searched him. While searching him they fou nd the papers with the information he collected from spying and was arrested. He was then sentenced to hang the bordering day, and his tragic death would inspire the nation as he was more a martyr then a spy. Then we cant forgot the intimately famous and traitorous British spy Benedict Arnold. Congress made Benedict Arnold angry, and he decided to trade secretly with the British. He was very ministrant to the British, because he was close to Washington. His mailman was then found eventually with a letter to the British general, and was beheaded. Arnold then heard of his mailmans death, so he fled to England and was awarded for his services. Men werent the only ones spying there were also women spies. There was a woman named Miss Jenny who was a British ... ...hen she would do her washables if she left a white sheet up, then it typifyt there was a letter to be picked up. These spies used so many different codes and strategies that were very elusive to interpret, and kept them in the dark from the country they were spying on. Spies had to have amazing memorization skills, because of the codes. Types of coded writing were numbers that stood for different meanings like certain numbers would mean George Washington, fort, attack etc. The spies would also have bills containers that could be swallowed to keep the information from being found at blockades. That takes some serious dedication, because swallowing a silver container could be detrimental to their health. These spies went to extreme measures to not get caught, and if they were they would rarely break and give up the information and that takes determination.

Globalization and Dubai’s Tourism Industry Essays -- Dubai’s Tourism In

Dubai is one of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is located in a south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula with the broadst population of 2.2 million, 15% being Emiratis and 65% south Asians. Over the decades, Dubai has shown unbelievable growth, from a pocket-size fishing town to one of the most iconic cities in the world. The growth has been based on the oil discoveries and revenue it created. (Mazza, n.d.)In the past half century, Dubais prudence was based on fishing, pearl diving, date farming, camel rearing and sea trade. By the turn of the 20th century, Dubai was a well-off port to attract settlers from Iran and India. This resulted to a large Indian population that settled in Dubai and was particularly active in the shops. This cosmopolitan atmosphere and air of tolerance began to attract other foreigners.This paper aims to check up on ways which Dubai have used to attract globalization and develop their tourism industry. Dubai put t ourism at the core of its economic development plans in tell to diversify and strengthen its economy, while decreasing its dependency on fluctuating oil prices (Sharpley 2008). The plans have been successful in 2007, non-oil revenues contributed to 63% of GDP, with Dubai contributing 29%, to the UAEs total GDP. What is more surprising is that due to Dubais push to use tourism to diversify its economy, Dubai contributes over 80% of the non-oil related GDP in the UAE. Dubai is nowadays considered one of the top tourist destinations in the world. In 2011, Dubais top tourist source markets outside the UAE were Saudi Arabia, India, UK, Iran, and the US.Tourism in DubaiTourism in Dubai is an important part of the Dubai governments strategy to uphold the movem... ...trips and tourism packages, all contribute to the continuous growth of tourism industry. Tourism has also had both positive and cast out impacts on Dubai. It has boosted Dubais economy but has brought negative impacts. The negatives are mainly cultural dilution and poor working conditions for the informal sector workers.Works CitedBrook, D. (2013). How Dubai Became Dubai. A invoice of Future Cities.Marketing, D. D. (2012). Dubai for Tourism . Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Mazza, G. C. (n.d.). Development of Tourism in Dubai. Retrieved 02 25, 2014, from Gastronomy and Global cities http//laudergastronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Development-of-Tourism-in-Dubai_Grace-Chang-Mazza.pdfSharpey, R. (2008). Tourism and hospitality Planning and Development. In R. Sharpley, & R. Sharpley, Planning for tourism the case of Dubai (pp. 13-30).

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Blair KhokerReligion and the ArtsProfessor Wendy RaverDecember 16th, 2013Bharata NatyamThe al-Quran Bharata comes from a combination of three main elements in Indian trip the light fantastic toe Mood (bhava), melody (raga), and rhythmic timing (tala). The word Natyam means both dance and acting. Bharata Natyam is from South Indian, specifically Tamil Nad. This dance style has been preserved mostly in the beautiful ancient temples and areas of Tanjore and Madras. South India has many sculptures of Gods and Goddesses who are lavishly embellish and ornamented and who show the art, religion, and culture of the country. Enakshi Bhavani describes these beautiful shrines and religious areas as being an atmosphere of ancient India lingering with a compelling fragrance (28). Where this dance style originated is very grand to how it is viewed today in forward-looking times and western societies. In India, there are still ancient areas in which the traditions and teachings of Bharata Naty am are being studied, but how these teachings evolved into modern society is important in understanding its religious impact on the Indian community. Bharata Natyam embodies three basic aspects of classical Indian dancing The pure dance, dance embodying an expressive mood and dance containing a dramatic element. It must be strongly emphasized that Bharata Natyam in its true and proper form is studied in a very intense manner. In some cultures the dance is done to invoke gods and enact mythological events. The dancers go through immense amounts of training in order to be able to control every muscle in their body. The technical ingredients for physical mastery are swiftness, precision, suppleness, strength, instincts for time, agility, and lightness but, one of the most i... ...yday lives and into a spellbound state of beauty. In the Bharata Natyam the dance techniques of pure dance consists of a number of combinations of postures. These combinations include the movement and coordi nation of the body, waist, sleeve, hand, leg, foot, head, and neck to various sets of words and beats. Beautiful gestures and arm positions combine to form the general beauty of posture. There are about 120 basic dance arrangements which can be further combined into hundreds of varieties of imitate dance movements. Although, dancers usually learn about forty to seventy basic movements and then study the intricate dances that include them. A recital or man-to-man performance can go from one and a half hours to four hours long. Every performance in made up of the following parts (given in sequence), Alarippu, Jethiswaram, Shabdam,Varnam, Padam(s), and Thillana.

Through the Fog :: Short Stories Essays

Through the Fog The morning sun rose high in the overcast sky the dense town of Cloisterham came into the eerie state of existence of a clean day. The mysterious murkiness that rolled in long strangled the town. The sun appeared, as if it were trying to burn through a fogged window the brightness of the day was merely the glowing of the haze. A muddy day it would be, as the townsmen awoke slowly. The few early risers stomped like walking dead on the cold streets, neither a sleep, nor awake, dead or alive. The stiffness of the haze shrouded the town with an uncertain mysteriousness, like a dark figure lurking around the corner. Jasper fell into the every new day, which had become a hell to him. With the ominous anniversary pushing closer every minute, no longer did daylight provide freedom from his nightmares. Previously, he had only been vulnerable during his sleep, which currently, he rarely received. Lately he held had no safe haven, his nightmares consumed the days. The two years of pain melted into one horrible day, repeating itself over and over again. After resigning from his position as choirmaster, he spent every day wading through his deep depression, his great conscience sat upon him, suffocating him of the little life he still held. He had few visitors, but many watchers. So frequently he checked over his shoulders that concentrating on any task became impossible. As the murderous haze sweep in under his door and billowed against the window, he enclosed himself in a world of fears, which proved never to release him. Below the postern stairs, Mr. Datchery prepared for a new day. He opened a cupboard door to retrieve a cup and grinned when he saw the hundreds of chalked lines. At this great score, he knew that the truth would curtly surface. A knock on his door interrupted his thought, opening, Helena walked into the room. Surprised, Datchery exclaimed, What are you doing here? Someone could see you.I got word that you needed to spe ak with me. I became worried, so I couldnt wait until later.Soon these two years of work pull up stakes fall into place. There exists no way of telling what will happen, alas, it will be very dangerous. All the more so if you refuse to leave town

Through the Fog :: Short Stories Essays

Through the Fog The morning sun rose higher in the everyw herecast sky the dense town of Cloisterham came into the eerie state of being of a new day. The mysterious haze that rolled in overnight strangled the town. The sun appeared, as if it were trying to burn through a obscure window the brightness of the day was merely the glowing of the haze. A sluggish day it would be, as the townsmen awoke slowly. The few early risers stomped like walking dead on the cold streets, neither a sleep, nor awake, dead or alive. The stiffness of the haze shrouded the town with an uncertain mysteriousness, like a dark figure lurking around the corner. Jasper flatten into the every new day, which had become a hell to him. With the ominous anniversary pushing closer every minute, no longer did daylight provide exemption from his nightmares. Previously, he had only been vulnerable during his sleep, which currently, he rarely received. Lately he held had no safe haven, his nightmares consumed the days. The two years of pain melted into one terrible day, repeating itself over and over again. After resigning from his position as choirmaster, he spent every day wading through his deep depression, his great moral sense sat upon him, suffocating him of the little life he still held. He had few visitors, but many watchers. So frequently he checked over his shoulders that concentrating on any task became impossible. As the murderous haze swept in under his door and billowed against the window, he enclosed himself in a serviceman of fears, which proved never to release him. Below the postern stairs, Mr. Datchery prepared for a new day. He opened a transfuseboard door to retrieve a cup and grinned when he saw the hundreds of chalked lines. At this great score, he knew that the truth would soon surface. A knock on his door interrupted his thought, opening, Helena walked into the room. Surprised, Datchery exclaimed, What are you doing here? Someone could see you.I got word t hat you needed to speak with me. I became worried, so I couldnt wait until later.Soon these two years of proceed will fall into place. There exists no way of telling what will happen, alas, it will be very dangerous. All the more so if you refuse to founder town

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument Essay

George Berkeley was an Irish bishop and empiricist. His core philosophy was esse est percipi this translates to, to be, is to be comprehend. Berkeley believed that both primary and secondary objects were observer dependent believed that the world was not was not separate from the mind ergo he was an immaterialist (we perceive things in the mind). He started his argument for empiricism by stating that in order for things to exist they must be perceived, due to holding this view point he thought that everything depends on the mind.This raises an immediate problem. If everything is perceiver dependent, what happens when an object is not being perceived? Does it simply dad come forward of mankind? This argument does not seem coherent. This is due to the idea being an extremely irrational appreciation of the world. The concept can also be disproved. This is because if we could put a video camera into a room and leave it so no one perceived the room and the objects in it and it would not disappear.Berkeley later added to his argument, as an attempt to solve this problem that no object is un-perceived. He claims objects do not disappear out of exist due to there being a constant perceiver, paragon. This is as God is omnipresent therefore, he always perceives the world. Thus objects do not pop out existence as they are constantly perceived. However by adding the existence of God to his argument it became weak. This is due to a huge assumption. This assumption is that God exists. There are many arguments both for and against Gods existence, such as the teleological argument and the problem of evil. It seems strange to base a possibility of objects existence on a being whose existence is unproven.Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument for objects existences. Russell argued that if he was sat in his chair and his cat was in one corner of the room and he turned round on his chair and the cat was at the other side of the room, according to Berkeley there was sole(prenominal) 2 possible ways this could have happened. Firstly the cat could have popped out of existence when Russell turned on his chair and then popped back into existence when he had turned back round. Or secondly, the cat could have walked across the room when he was turned on the chair due to God perceiving it. Russell claimed that these two possibilities were irrational and we could not use these two claims for the existence of objects.

Ikea Management Analysis Essay

Abstract This article is an analysis of the IKEAs provide set up. IKEAs supply kitchen range is internationally with gross revenue in more than 250 own warehousings in 24 countries and 32 external franchisees in 16 countries. It has special provider management, store design, and w arhouse management. IKEA yield Chain system includes IOS, TSO, material and suppliers, DC and IKEA store. IKEA planetary planning has seven processes. Sale planning and demand planningare in this article. IKEAs supply set up was operated palpablely successful, however, it stillness exist any(prenominal) problems, like lack of central coordination, inaccurate sale forecasts, and high take stock termss. In the end, this article pass on provide whatsoever passports to solve those problems.IntroductionIKEA, founded in 1943, is one of the outmatch home furniture company in the world whose, and its vision is To provide wagerer life for everyone. IKEA provides modern and fashionable low cost furn iture for over 38 countries with 301 stores. It is the largest furniture retail string in the world and boasts a range of cxx00 products, including home furniture, accessories and some other stuff. Whats more, its concern for people and environment lead to excellent use of raw material and energy, which result in their green tar totals and the overall environment. A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, delivery, and sale of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who arrange activities to set themselves apart from the competition.A supply chain has three key partsSupply focuses on the raw materials supplied to manufacturing, including how, when, and from what location. Manufacturing focuses on converting these raw materials into finished products. dispersion focuses on ensuring these products r each(prenominal) the consumers through an organized network of distributors, warehouses, and retailers. Ikea is a worldwide company and its supply chain also deserves us to study. In this paper we are going to analyze the IKEAs supply chain in the market and we allow also analysis the strategy and plan of the company. In addition, we would give our proposed recommendation in the end.IKEA Supply Chain StrategyIKEAs supply chain is global with sales in more than 250 own stores in 24 countries and 32 external franchisees in 16 countries. The stores are supplied through 31 diffusion countries, or directly from the 1,350 suppliers in more than 50 countries. IKEAs supply chain consequently has a global spread with both sales and purchasing in all major regions of the world. IKEAs harvest-feast has been tremendous and sales are still growing. Currently IKEA plans to open 10-20 new stores every year with a goal to double sales within the coming five year. Considering the pace of growth in sales, the many stores and warehouses , and the fact that some business areas change up to 30% of its assortment every year, supply chain planning is a real challenge. The supply chain affects tight control and high levels of visibility to keep costs down and avoid obsolete inventory and/or seam outs. The IKEA supply chain is mainly make-to-stock (MTS) and only a few products are made to customer purchase orders. Consequently, the entire supply chain is heavily dependent on forecasts.The regions and the stores nourish traditionally had a strong power and a high degree of local freedom in terms of planning and placing replenishment requests. This has guide to a fragmented supply chain planning with local optimization and a lot of manual intervention with plans throughout the supply chain. Furthermore, due to haunt shortage situations some regions have purposely overestimated demand to ensure delivery, which in turn has led to imbalance in terms of demand coverage. Hence, some markets have suffered from stock outs du ring long periods, whereas other markets have ended up with obsolete inventories.Forecasting has been done on a regional level with approximately 120 users striving for different goals and using different methods. Part of the explanation to this is that IKEA has lacked a common and structured tactical planning of demand and replenishment. In terms of capacitance planning, all different parts of the supply chain (stores, warehouses, regions, etc.) tried to optimize its own part of the supply chain, leading to a set of imbalanced supply plans with a low and unstable total throughput with long replenishment times for the supply chain as a whole. IKEA initiated a program (cluster of puts) aiming to taking better control of its supply chain, and enhance capital punishment in terms of delivery service and costs.A new global planning concept was developed and is before long being implemented. Its cornerstones are mutually integrated planning processes, a centralized planning organizati on, focus on entropy quality and use of advanced software system support. The purpose of this article is to outline IKEAs global supply chain planning concept and describe the roles of the planning organization, data quality, software support and project and change management in the concept and its implementation.Supply Chain Management of IKEASupplier ManagementIKEA has about 1400 suppliers from 33 countries, 64% of them are from European countries, with largest supplier markets in China and Poland. IKEA maintains lasting relationship with suppliers, and it has its own way to select suppliers from worldwide. After decide what product and material to be used, trading offices would find the suppliers in their respective regions and invite bids from them. IKEA has a principle, which is to choose suppliers of lowest cost at the same time, guarantee the quality.By placing orders directly on line, IKEA smoke always become the deliveries within one to two weeks. On the other side, the y ask suppliers to take inventory, so that suppliers faeces clearly eff about the time, category, and amount of goods they have to overindulge up. IKEA also asks suppliers to deliver some of the goods straight to their stores, and this gracious of managing would possibly save time, energy, and money considerably. They have formed a certain role to evaluate the performance of suppliers and point out standards and grades. Under such pressure, IKEAs suppliers would be serious about their job and try their best to make sure the goods are of best quality and fastest delivery. By this kind of supplier management, IKEA would absolutely has high efficiency and quality.Store DesignIKEA chose its store location on the city outskirts as the companys stores were large and required huge parking spaces because IKEA realized that its customers were visiting stores in their cars. There is a typical feature of IKEA stores. picThe picture higher up is a map of some IKEA stores, in this, one can obviously see that customers entered into the stores, they would follow the arrow printed on the floor, and see through all products they exhibit. This kind of layout is called Racetrack layout, which has a main atom that directs towards various section of the store, loops through the store and returns customers to the front of the store. It draws customers around the store and is commonly used in department stores. IKEA uses this to encourage customer to explore and move around IKEA at ease.The Racetrack Layout leads customers throughout the whole IKEA passing through different department. It makes sure that no section is missed out as the Racetrack Layout is design in a way that customer will have to follow the path in order to get to the end. The Loop allows customer to have different viewing angles and to catch a glance of every item in the store within a look. This encourages exploration and impulse buying. Thus this is strategic for IKEA as to capture customers.Warehouse Man agementIKEA has large warehouses like DC008, it has 19 input doors and 22 output doors. This breakup makes the warehouse operation more effective. In the warehouses, there are many forklifts and they run fast and flexible. This also improves efficiency. Besides, IKEA seriously considered the safety of warehouses. It built a perfective aspect security system. If some materials are non in right position, the red light will turn on and there will be an demoralize ringing. Another significant warehouse management is space management.A system numbers every area, and all of them will be in the computers, so workers can clearly see wherever there is a vacancy. That ensures turn-around speed. The WMS (Warehouse Management ashes) in IKEA is so mature that it is used in every warehouse of IKEAs. However, now IKEA need to figure out how to ignore inventory in order to save money. As for IKEA, there is a special kind of warehouse, which is self-serve warehouse. It is just in stores and keep s some inventory to give customers more choices. It can as well make customers enjoy pleasant about self-purchase.IKEA Supply ChainIKEA Supply Chain System (From the tree to the living room) IKEA is one of the leading home furnishing companies in the world and is expanding globally and fast gaining market share. Also IKEAs supply chain has a global spread with both sales and purchasing in all major regions of the world. In IKEA Supply Chain system, firstIOS is IKEA of Sweden, where decisions are made, such as the number of items, purchasing, suppliers, distribution, store coordination, and so on. Second, TSO (Trading), trading is responsible for the relationship with suppliers. Within trading there are 43 trading service offices in Europe, Asia and magnetic north America. Third is material and suppliers. They provide raw materials and manufacture the products. Co-workers in this area form a bridge between the factory floor and the products on the shelves at IKEA stores. They are re sponsible for ensuring reliable production methods that lead to high quality results, but which at the same time involve the minimum waste and uttermost efficiency.Although not the most visible role within IKEA, this area is incredibly in-chief(postnominal) for the company. The suppliers of IKEA and the good relations IKEA enjoy with them are among the companys sterling(prenominal) assets. Fourth, in DC (Distribution centers), trucks, boats and trains are all needed to move products around. Coordinating these different means of transport to make the movement of goods as quick and in force(p) as possible is a real art. And DC are not enough just to make sure the goods arrive at the right stores and customers at the right time they must also arrive in good shape, ready to be sold at the lowest possible price. Fifth is store. IKEA has more than 250 own stores in 24 countries and 32 external franchisees in 16 countries. To simplify, chart 1 shows the whole IKEA Supply Chain system d escribed above. picChart1 IKEA Supply Chain systemMoreover, in fifth part, In-store Logistics are also an important part in IKEA supply chain. In-store Logistics have seven steps (chart 2) Step1, create load with clear and qualified goods. Step2, develop an in-store logistics organization based on knowledge and competence. Step3, create balance between the space to range relation. Step4, place rational and reverse orders. Step5, sales space management. Step6, launch routines for the most efficient goods flow. Step7, follow-up on performance.picChart 2 IKEA Supply Chain-In-store LogisticsIKEA Supply Chain PlanningPlanning excogitation Overview. According to IKEAs characters, such as offer a wide range of home furnishings with good design and run short and provide low prices, Ikeas supply chain is in constant flux, with improvements being made whenever they are required or new technology appears. But generally, Ikeas supply chain is mainly make-to-stock (MTS) and only a few produ cts are made to customer orders. Consequently, the entire supply chain is heavily dependent on forecasts.IKEA focus on all forebode activities and need calculations to control the entire supply chain inventory levels and replenishment. The global planning process (Chart1) is made by the central function of IKEA of Sweden. From the IKEAs global supply chain planning (Chart1), we can figure out there are seven major processes (1) Sale planning (2) implore planning (3) Need planning (4) Supplier capacity planning (5) The distribution supply chain planning (transport, warehouse, and store planning 5a-c) and (7) Replenishment orders. In the following, we will talk about the processes separately into more details. But we will only focus on two parts Sales planning and contain planning.picChart1 IKEAs global supply chain planning concept and planning processes.Sales planning. The first step of sales planning is the corporate management of IKEA makes the overall sales forecast. The forec ast is made on an aggregate level in terms of total sales volumes in monetary units for IKEA in total. It shows the expected sales augment in percentages. Ikeas sales plan will be updated three times a year. The forecast is mainly determined by the strategic trade plan and the remaining part of the current fiscal year plus five years into the future. So the current strategic business plan of Ikea is important for sales planning. At the end of the sales planning process, in order to achieve the business areas growth plans and expectation for the future, Demand Planners at IKEA of Sweden provide the data and tuition of forecasts for each of the business areas. Demand planning. In Ikea, there are 32 Demand Planners work in the tactical demand planning process, each one responsible for forecasting a certain part.The tactical forecast attach to IKEA of Sweden and is done on a rolling 84 weeks, with new historical sales data loaded once a week. In the end the forecasts on store levels are aggregated, reconciled, and compared with the sales frames on the retail forecast multitude level and on the distribution services region level. IKEA also has Retail Forecast Group, including one to several stores located geographically close to each other. In Europe, a retail Forecast Group normally corresponds to a country. IKEA in different countries own the right to have local event and activities. But, to let Demand Planners review the forecast on the regional level each week, the specific activity plans must be told at least six months in advance. In case that the forecast deviates considerably from actual sales, the Demand Planner looks for the reason and adjusts the sales figures or forecast model gibely.ProblemsLack of Central CoordinationAll we know IKEA is a hug international company. It provides modern and fashionable low cost furniture for over 38 countries with 301 stores. It emphasizes on local autonomy rather than a centralized coordinator. This method is easi er for regions and store to plan and replenishes their own inventories. However, it also causes hundrexplosive detection system of subsystems inner(a) the IKEA.Those subsystems include product design system from the headquarters orders to suppliers system, orders to transport to the mall system, store management system and some accessory systems in each region or store. There are at least four hundreds complex subsystems inside the IKEA. These systems databases is not well integrated, and do not have unified communications political platform, that resulting in information separation, the low quality of information transmission, it is not conducive to the efficient operation of the supply chain.Lack of Accurate Sale ForecastsDue to changes in demand, sales forecasts data of the Swedish headquarters get deviation, if the forecasting data is bigger than the real, and this led to the warehouse overstock directly. If the mangers do not adjust the place orders plan that will cause serio us problems by global warehouse overstock, retail shopping centers will immediately face to increase sales efforts to absorb the backlogged inventory. The other hand, in order to avoid some seasonal worker items out of stock, IKEA place large quantities of orders to suppliers, the mall immediately changed the stage from the under stock to overstock, However, the shopping center cannot sell them all, therefore, pass the season, there are still a lot of inventory backlog.Inventory Costs are too highIKEA purchases and sales too much, and often use the strategy of expand the inventory to cope with the uncertainty situation. IKEA worried about the inventory cannot be well satisfied the needs of the shopping centers, and if IKEA keep a low inventory level, it will increase the risk of lost sales opportunities, Therefore, IKEA maintain a high level of inventory to avoid the risk of under stock, That cause the shopping malls, the distribution center, and the central warehouse to maintain a considerable amount of inventory.RecommendationsThe urgent need for IKEA is to spend a large investment in the supply chain systems integration, make a great effort to integrate internal business systems, to achieve the company internal information sharing, built unified communications platform to make sure each subsystem can slow get the information from others, particular in transportation information and warehousing information. Ultimately achieve the universal integration of manufacture, procurement, inventory, sales, financial and human resources management, logistics. That can make the ideal supply chain operations to become a reality. The supply chain systems integration can make each subsystems get the other subsystems information easily that really helpful for IKEA to forecast the sales in the future.In addition, IKEA also can get information from the date of the past sales, the public economic information, from customer and from suppliers. The supply chain systems integr ation also can help IKEA use those two strategies to reduce the cost of inventory. Firstly, IKEA requires the supplier to transport the production directly to the shopping malls, omitting the middle stage of the warehouse storage and handling. Use this strategy, IKEA do not have to establish the inventory and also do not have to maintain a safety stock to satisfy the demand of the shopping center.The delivery period becomes short, and easy to control. It also reduces the broken rate of the goods that ultimately improve the service level of the mall shopping centers. Secondly, IKEA also can use the strategy of vendor-managed inventory. It means suppliers according to IKEAs the actual sales demand and safety inventory requirements to place the order to them. This strategy requires mutual trust between IKEA and supplier. IKEA can establish countenance oversight mechanisms to make this strategy works well. This strategy can make both the IKEA and the suppliers benefit.ReferencesLaura S pinney (2011) The secret of IKEAs success we do the hard work, New scientist. Retrieved from http//0-ehis.ebscohost.com.leopac.ulv.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&hid=23&sid=0dbc6e03-427b-4dec-9711-136b9cfedca8%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=edselp&AN=S0262407911631783Jonsson, P. and Gustavsson, M. (2008) The impact of supply chain relationships and automatic data communication and registration on forecast information quality, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 38 (4), 280-295.Steve Banker (2009 Nov) In-Store Logistics at IKEA. Retrieved from http//logisticsviewpoints.com/2009/11/05/in-store-logistics-at-ikea/IKEAs Cost Efficient Supply Chain.Retrieved from http//www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Operations/OPER084.htmNYP IKEA merchandise Presentation and Store Design (Part 3), may 18 2012. Retrieved from http//ikea-escrapbook.blogspot.com/2011/07/merchandising-presentation-and-store_4586.htmlPatrik Jonsson, Martin RudbergochStefan H olmbergGlobal, Supply chainplanning at IKEA, Retrieved from http//www.plan.se/files/Jonsson_Rudberg _Holmberg_08.pdfIkea supply chain-from the tree to the living room, Retrieved from http//www.slideserve.com/presentation/39927/IKEA-Supply-Chainfrom-the-tree-to-the-living-roomIKEA Purchasing. IKEA Purchasing. Web. 17 may 2012. Retrieved from http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/jobs/business_types/purchase/index.htmlIkea, Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKEAIkea.mov. YouTube. YouTube, 15 Feb. 2010. Web. 18 May 2012. http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYr6JlJ1wlE.SWOT Analysis and Sustainable Business Planning An IKEA Case Study. Weaknesses and Threats. Web. 18 May 2012. http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/ikea/swot-analysis-and-sustainable-business-planning/weaknesses-and-threats.html.IKEA Distribution Improves Supply Chain Management. IKEA Distribution Improves Supply Chain Management. Web. 18 May 2012. http//www.computerweekly.com/news/2240083923/IKEA-Distribution-improves-supply-chain -management.

American Corporations Have Always Responded to Family Issues

Since the birth of the United States of America, and indeed going back correct further to the days of Colonial America, organized businesses have existed. These businesses have always required any number of workers to make products, provide services, and the like. Eventually, with the establishment of the American reas matchlessd system, these businesses became American corporations and flourished, needing even more workers. Of course, these workers typically have families that they are working to prolong, and from time to time, issues arise within those families that require extra assistance.With this in mind, the issue of whether American corporations have always responded to family issues arises. In this research, the assertion will be made that American corporations have in fact always responded to family issues. This assertion will be supported with historical evidence. Statement/Support of Position The introduction stated that the position of this paper is that American corp orations have always responded to family issues, and that position will be supported with historic evidence, with one important distinction at the outset.It is impossible to say that all American corporations have always been responsive however, it is possible to put to work forth some prominent examples of huge corporations, past and present that are quite responsive in fact. First, we travel in time back to the advance(prenominal) 1800s and the business empire of a Scottish immigrant named Andrew Carnegie. A true rags-to-riches story, Carnegie came to America as a young man and eventually worked his way into becoming one of the wealthiest men in America.However, his personal belief was that a man who died wealthy without support others was not a man at all. Because of this, he formed large-hearted foundations to help the families of his workers, as well as others, which today is manifested in the Carnegie-Mellon Foundation, which continues to help families to this very day (And rew Carnegie People and Events). Also compelling evidence of American corporations helping family issues include the millions of dollars that chocolate magnate Milton Hershey used to establish literally a township in Pennsylvania that would eventually bear his name.His intention in establishing the town was to have schools, hospitals and housing that would foster the healthy development of the American family (Milton Hershey The Company and the Man). Fast forwarding to the modern day, Ford Motor Company has devoted tens of millions of dollars to support military families, who have unlimited issues due to separations that are necessary when one parent is serving overseas and the like (Fords Warriors in pick apart and soldiers Wives Join Forces).Also, even in the midst of one of the worst economic situations in recent US history, the American financial industry of late has unify to raise funds for the battle of cancer, a horrible disease that literally destroys families (Financial Industrys confidential information Charity Aims to Raise $1 Million at Annual counter Miracles). Conclusion From just a few prominent examples, past and present, the point has been firmly established that American corporations have always responded to family issues.Once again, it should be stated that not all corporations respond like Ford, Hershey ,etc. , but perhaps they will in the future if motivated by the excellent examples set by the corporations that have responded to such(prenominal) issues. In closing, that is probably the most significant point to take away from this research. References Andrew CarnegiePeople and Events. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/peopleevents/pande01. html Financial Industrys Leading Charity Aims to Raise $1 Million at Annual Expect Miracles.Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS114628+09-Jun-2008+BW20080609 Fords Warriors in Pi nk and Army Wives Join Forces. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. fordvehicles. com/warriorsinpink/armywives/? searchid=426441&28330281&205684999References Milton Hershey The Company and the Man. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. hersheypa. com/town_of_hershey/history/

Computers Are an Important Part of Most People’s Everyday Lives Essay

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, computers are an important part of most peoples everyday lives. This channelise has improved the counsel people live. By advances in the technology, especially invention of computers, human beings can do their works much easier than the past. They have improved the way of our lives (life) dramatically. The number of advantages that computers can bring us is very much so that its disadvantages can be ignored (Advantages of using computers are so much that disadvantages could be ignored).Cases such as save (saving) time or facilitate (facilitating) job and affairs and improve(ing) our communications are my reasons which will be illustrated in details as following. To begin with, by using of computers we can save the time (more time). In todays community, it is told that time is money. With the huge advancements in technology, peoples life has more (become) change as it seems. Each of us hasnt enough time to do all work s on time (No one has enough time to do everything on time).The advent of computers in our lives(life), we can save time and do a big part of works more efficiently. For example, instead of going to store and buying cloths, I (you) can buy it from my home by going to its website and even I (you) have this chance to see which cloth is the top-selling. (or) As an another(prenominal) example, I(you) can choose my (you) favorite five-star restaurant or hotel a couple of weeks before my(your) trip to a certain place. hat shows that I can discontinue manage my affairs(It shows that people can better manage their life and schedule everything). The last example is that I even can control my home or personal room by using of my workplaces computer (The last example is that home or personal room can be controlled or and monitored by using of a computer in workplace). These examples show computers have revolutionized our lifestyle. The last but not the least, computers improved our social be haviors.For the very commencement exercise time in the history, Social networks and websites have given this opportunity to people to find friends and know people they never met before. Nowadays, there are a fewer internet-organizations by which we can find our future wife. It shows that computers even affect our lives (life) emotionally. To take these into consideration, I can confidently draw the conclusion that there are a lot of advantages which computers donate us such as finding new friends or saving the valuable time so that its drawbacks can be ignored.

Characteristics of Gothic Literature Essay

The Gothic In 1798 an anonymous author published a commentary that revealed just now how some writers received the Gothic during this time riposteAn old castle, half of it ruinous A long gallery, with a great numerous doors, some secret ones. Three murdered bodies, kind of fresh. As many skeletons, in chests and presses. An old woman hanging by the neck with her throat cut. Assassins and desperadoes, quant. suff. Noises, whispers, and groans, threescore at least. (1-7) After reading many of the selections in the anthology, I show this poem on a Gothics recipe to be quite true (602).However, in the case of this anonymous writer, he considers all of these characteristics to be negative. I, on the other hand, get under ones skin it very intriguing that this type of fresh developed in a time ruled by writers whose main concenter was politics and poetry. Many influential writers including Coleridge and Wordsworth criticized the characteristics, morality, purpose, and significanc e of these novels however, I believe many of the features they disliked actually broadened the scope of literature. The Gothic novel was often attacked for being withal formulaic.Although the specifics of the plot changed from novel to novel, the characteristics were often similar, which is something that is pointed out repeatedly by the Gothics critics. The similarities encountered in the characteristics of these novels include the compass, mystery, and characters to name a few. The setting of this type of novel is usually in a castle of sorts, or in some other mysterious place that produces suspense and terror in spite of appearance the reader. Although these settings were often alike, they live to convey the atmosphere and atomic number 18 used for ends that atomic number 18 fundamentally psychological (Hume 286).This characteristic is one that set up the entire feeling of the novel, one of suspense, horror, and mystery. The setting of various novels was not uniform because it was the easy or obvious choice like many critics believed, but because it manufactured a certain atmosphere that was needed for the plot. If the tale had been set on a sunny beach, the atmosphere would have been much different and the reader would not get the same affect. Like the settings, the mysteries that develop within Gothic novels are usually somewhat similar.From what I have educe across, many include a murder or deep, dark secret that is unraveled by an ordinary soul. While this may support Wordsworths claim that these novels are sickly and stupid German tragedies because of their straightforward plot, I find them to be quite evoke (266). These mysteries create suspense, and were the first page-turners that were ever written. Readers no longer had to decipher long and complicated meanings from pieces such as the Lucy Gray poems instead, they could sit back, relax, and enjoy these novels that created an lack into a mysterious world.Another piece of the formula that was important to the genre were the characters that were used by dint ofout the novels. The characters were often simple sight who were thrown into a perspective that required extraordinary actions. While the comfort of the characters was often criticized by writers who considered themselves to be high culture, these characters had the ability to involve the reader in special circumstances (Hume 286). unalike the pieces that came before them, the Gothic novel had the capacity to draw the reader in, and put them in the shoes of the main character.For me, it was very hard to feel for the personas in previous poems that we came across. I think the main reason for this is that the characters tended to be somewhat generic, but fire. They allowed for anyone to understand the character and immerse themselves within the characters archetypes. They also allowed for people to sink in to a particular character and feel the terror that they were feeling. Another aspect of the Gothic tha t was often called into question was the morality of the characters and authors.There are many instances in which these novels incorporated grotesque scenes that included rape and murder among many other things. In The Monk by Matthew Lewis the main character, Ambrosia, is a impeccant and ethical man who seduced by the demon Matilda. In one scene his desires were raised to that frantic height by which brutes are agitated and he hastily proceeded to click off those garments which impeded the gratification of his lust (598). Ambrosia is obviously an immoral character, and he is criticized for not being so.To me, it seems like critics were getting to the point where they were trying to find anything and everything to criticize about the Gothic novel. While this genre may involve some unseemly characters, they are needed in order to create an interesting plot. Having some sort of villain is necessary in any type of writing that has a mystery or murder involved. Without villains, we ca nnot have heroes, and both are very important aspects of literature. Coleridge, for example, not only attacked The Monk as a novel but also attacked Lewis as a person for having the ability to create such an immoral character.He believed that the merit of a novelist is in proportion to the pleasurable effect which he produces (604). I highly disagree with this statement because I believe controversy affects change, and change is needed in order to forward society. Novelists and poets were no longer writing poems that had the sole purpose of making a person feel good or empowered instead, they were writing for entertainment. Also, many of the writers before The Monk addressed political issues that were not considered pleasurable, but controversial and hard to confront.Coleridges statement seems to contradict everything that literature stands for. Authors and the literature they create are unpleasant at times, and that is not wrongit is merely a necessity for the forward driveway of society and evolution of literature. Another important issue to address when it comes to these novels is their specific purpose. It seems that every literary movement in history had some sort of fountain or driving force behind them. For the Gothic, this driving force or purpose seems to be to induce terror while entertaining.Before this movement, we never rightfully encountered works of literature that were straightforward, suspenseful, and enjoyable all at the same time. In an essay by Aikin and Aikin, they claimed that people would rather chuse to suffer the smart pang of a violent emotion than the uneasy craving of an unsatisfied desire (584). By this, they mean that terror is pleasurable, and that is exactly what these novels delivered to their readers. It was not an emotion that was regularly produced when readers came into contact with the representative works of this time. For a piece of literature to induce such error was something novel and interesting that affected ma ny of their readers. Because terror is an emotion that is hard to come by, these novels were, like I tell, an escape for readers. Terror is not something that a person wants to encounter in their real life, but is something they can enjoy and acquire through reading these novels. Their purpose was not to confuse the reader with complicated meanings full of allusions. Instead, these terrifying novels have the ability to render the poorest and most insipid narrative interesting when once we get fairly into it (584).Although many of the authors of Gothic novels may not have been the best composers compared to standards during this time, they were still able to draw in a long audience because they gave the people what they wanted. I would not consider the narratives insipid, but compared to the works that came before them, they were much simpler and used language that was not considered to be as articulate. This simplicity that is encountered when reading a piece of Gothic work, thoug h criticized, says much about how society was changing during this time.These novels significantly altered the way in which literature was imperturbable and whom it was available to. Instead of being read by the elite few, it was accessible to pretty much anyone who could read. During this time, the percent of literate people was rising rapidly, especially in the middle class. These books appealed to these people, and sold millions upon millions of copies because of this. I think that much of the distaste that so-called high culture writers had for these novels is because of their success.They were extremely popular, more so than the most popular of the poets during this time. For example, Wordsworth was said to be a commercialized version of real poetry because it was easier to understand than many other pieces out during this time. However, he never even came close to interchange as many copies of Lyrical Ballads as the Gothic writers did with their own works. For Wordsworth to criticize a genre that feeds off of the readers ability to comprehend seems to be extremely insincere of him. Also, I think that when something appeals to the masses, it is a good thing.Change cannot occur unless everyone is on the same page, and that is what the Gothic provided to the people. Finally, I would like to confront just how significant this movement is to the literature we have today. This was the first time we encounter a genre that is similar to the types of genres we see today. The Gothic genre was criticized because the novels were too alikebut that is exactly what a genre is, according to todays standards. One could argue that the novels that are published today are not of the same caliber as novels published 50, 100, or 200 years ago.And maybe that is true, but is it necessarily bad? In my opinion, having novels that are more accessible to more people makes for a better, more unified society. Having works of literature that are too complicated, wordy, or abstract leads to more ambiguity, and eventually creates a divide among social classes. I am not saying that all written works should be easy to understand, but I do think that the Gothic novel was the first in a wave of works of literature that helped society grow more literate.Finally, scholars and everyday people were able to read and talk about the same kinds of things. Although scholars who thought they were better writers were constantly criticizing it, they could not appeal to the masses. Gothic literature had the ability to do this, and you can still see its influence in novels on shelves today. It has a definite place in literary history, and should not be overlooked. It may not have had the deepest plots or the most complicated characters, but the genre had an impaction during the 18th century, and continues to have an impact today.

Kingfisher Case Study

EISSN 2277-4955 THE KING WITHOUT FISHES CASE ON CRISIS OF KINGFISHER AIRLINES Prof. Bhavik M. Panchasara Marwadi Education Foundations convention of Institutions, RajKot, emailprotected com ABSTRACT Indian Aviation Industry is one of the high-velocity growing markets in the world. But nowadays it is in the invigorateds collect to different reason. And that is the failure of one of the leading aviation player Kingfisher Airlines. The airline has been veneering financial issues for m both an different(prenominal) twelvemonths. Till descentember 2011 Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in Indias domestic air travel market.However due to the severe financial crisis faced by the airline, it has the twenty percent largest market share currently. Even the social club wipe come out no funds to pay the salaries to the employees and is facing some(prenominal) other issues like terminate dues aircraft call for rental dues, service tax dues and bank arrears. This case outlines the financial turmoil of the Kingfisher in detail. Keywords Aviation industry, Kingfisher Airlines, financial turmoil, financial issues, crisis and debt restructuring INTRODUCTION Kingfisher Airlines is an airline group establish in India.Its head office is The Qube in Andheri (East), Mumbai and Registered Office in UB City, Bangalore. Kingfisher Airlines was established in 2003. It is owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group. Kingfisher Airlines, through its parent comp whatever United Breweries Group, has a 50% stake in low- court carrier Kingfisher Red. The airline started commercial operations in 9 May 2005 with a sink of four new Airbus A320-200s operating a flight from Mumbai to Delhi. It started its international operations on 3 September 2008 by connecting Bengaluru with London.The airline has been facing financial issues for many years. Till December 2011 Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in Indias domestic air travel market. However due to the severe financial crisis faced by the airline, it has the fifth largest market share currently, only above Go Air. Kingfisher Airlines is one of the only seven airlines awarded 5star rating by Skytrax along with Cathay Pacific, Qatar Air guidances, Asiana Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, and Hainan Airlines. Kingfisher operates 250 daily flights with regional and long-haul international services.In May 2009, Kingfisher Airlines carried more than 1 million passengers, giving it the highest market share among airlines in India. Kingfisher also owns the Skytrax award for Indias best airline of the year 2011. BAUDDHIK hoi polloi 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 84 EISSN 2277-4955 STARTING OF THE CRISES Ever since the airline commenced operations in 2005, the company is reporting the losses. But the situation became more horrible after acquiring the Air Deccan in 2007. After acquiring the Air Deccan, the company suffered a loss of over Rs. 1,000 crore for three executive years. By early 2012, the airline compile the losses of over Rs. ,000 crore with half of its fleet grounded and several members of its staff going on strike. Following table 1 highlights losses of the company since inception tabularise 1 sack Reported Losses and debts since inception (Rs. In Crores) Year Loss Secured Loans Unsecured Loans Mar-11 -1027. 4 5,184. 53 1,872. 55 Mar-10 -1646. 22 4,842. 43 3,080. 17 Mar-09 -1608. 83 2,622. 52 3,043. 04 Mar-08 -188. 14 592. 38 342. 00 Jun-07 -419. 58 716. 71 200. 00 Jun-06 -340. 55 448. 16 3. 50 Mar-05 -16. 79 159. 42 125. 06 DEBT RESTRUCTURING In the situation of loss and tough financial condition, the company went for more loans.Table 1 shows the portion of secured and unsecured loans taken by the company. Due to heavy burden of debt and interest, in November 2010, the company adopted the way of debt restructuring and under that total 18 leading lenders, those have landed total Rs. 8,000 crores, agreed to cut interest rates and conv ert part of loans to equity. As per the contract, lenders have converted Rs. 650 crores debt into predilection shares which will be converted into equity when the company lists the on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange by selling global depositary improvement (GDR).Shares will be converted into ordinary equity at the price at which the GDRs are sold to investors. Besides the 1,400 crore debt which will be 800 crore converted into preference shares, another CRISIS TILL CONTINUE Debt restructuring also couldnt change the game. By restructuring, company had reduced the interest charges by Rs. 500 crores either year, but due to the high leverage condition and increase in cost, the company started to face the liquidity problem. The company had no funds in hand and it created the future(a) defrayment problems.DELAYED SALARY Kingfisher Airline has staff strength of 6,000 and spends 58 crore on salaries a month. According 173. 66 to the first quarter financial results, it has increased from crore under the employees cost head, which has 163. 40 crore during the same quarter last year. Kingfisher Airlines delayed salaries of its employees in August 2011, and for four months in succession from October 2011 to January 2012. Kingfisher also defaulted on paying the Tax Deducted at Source from the employee income to the tax department. debt has been converted into redeemable shares for 12 years.Due to debt restructuring, the company able to down the average interest rate to 11% and to excuse Rs. 500 crores every year in interest cost. BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 85 EISSN 2277-4955 FUEL DUES In the preceding(a) several years, Kingfisher airlines had trouble paying their fuel bills. Due non-payment, several Kingfishers vendors had filed winding up petition with the High Court. As on Nov 2011, winding up petition of seven creditors was pending before the Bangalore High Court. In the past Lufthansa Technik & Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) had also fi led winding up petition against Kingfisher Airlines.Here are some cases ? ? HPCL In Jul 2011, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) catchped the fuel (ATF) supplies for about two hours to Kingfisher airlines owing to the non-payment of dues. Situation was later resolved. ? BPCL Bharat Petroleum Corporation in 2009 had filed a case against Kingfisher airlines for non-payment of dues. High court in an order utter that the entire amount 245 crore had to be paid by Nov 2010 and the airline paid it in instalments. AIRCRAFT LEASE RENTAL DUES Since 2008, it has been reported that Kingfisher Airlines has been unable to pay the aircraft lease rentals on time.Due to that, the Kingfisher Airlines has grounded 15 out of 66 aircraft in its fleet as it was unable to meet the maintenance and overhaul expenses. Here are the some major issues with ? GECAS In Nov 2008, GE Commercial Aviation Services threatened to repossess 04 leased planes in lieu of default. Kingfisher Airlines initially BAUDDHIK On 9 December 2011, S. K. Goel, chairman, Central bill of fare of Excise and Customs (CBEC) announced that CBEC is considering legal action against Kingfisher for not paying service tax. As on 10th Jan 2012, Kingfisher Airlines has service tax arrears of 70 crore.The Ministry of finance has given a concession to Kingfisher and instructed them to pay the dues by 31st Mar 2012. In Jan 2012, SERVICE TAX Kingfisher received a notice from the airports Authority of India on February 2012 regarding accumulated dues of 255. 06 crore. The airline was operating on a cash and carry basis for the last six months, with daily payments amounting to 0. 8 crore. AAI REPORTS DVB In Jul 2010, DVB Aviation finance Asia Ltd (a lessor from Singapore), sued Kingfisher Airlines for lease rental default.Case was filed in a UK court on Jul 16, 2010 after Kingfisher did not pay for three month lease rental for A320 aircraft it leased from DVB. denied that it at sea the payments. GECAS had filed a complaint with DGCA saying Kingfisher had defaulted on rentals for four A320 aircraft, and sought repossession of the planes. In Jan 2009, The Karnataka High Court rejected petition by Kingfisher Airlines to restrain GECAS from taking any step to deregister and repossess the 04 aircraft in dispute. As a result, Kingfisher had to return the A320 aircraft to GECAS. VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 87EISSN 2277-4955 Kingfisher paid 20 crore towards its dues for operational by February 20. With this, Kingfishers market share all the way dropped to 11. 3%. The cancellation of the flights was accompanied by a BANK ARREARS Kingfisher Airlines had not paid some bankers (Lenders) as per the Debt Recast Package (DRP) with lending banks. Till the end of Dec 2011, the arrears were estimated to be 260 crore to 280 crore. Lenders hence had told Kingfisher Airlines to clear its dues before they can release any more money sought by the Airline. Ravi Nedungadi, chief financial officer of UB Group however said that the arrears were 180 crore.State Bank of India (SBI) on 5th Jan 2012 declared Kingfisher Airlines a NPA. SBI is largest creditor and the leader of the consortium of banks in the DRP (Debt Recast Package) and has an exposure of NPA by following banks State Bank of India Bank of Baroda Punjab National Bank IDBI Central bank of India Bank of India Corporation Bank THE CRISIS CONTINUE During late February, 2012, Kingfisher Airlines started to sink into a white crisis. Several flights were cancelled and aircraft were grounded. The airline shut down most international short-haul operations and also temporarily closed bookings.Out of the 64 aircraft, only 22 were know to be 1,457. 78 crore. Thus, by Feb 2012, Kingfisher has been declared 13. 5% drop in the stocks of the company on 20 February 2012. The CEO of the airlines, Sanjay Agarwal was summoned by the Directorate General of civilised Aviation to explain the disruptions of the operations. The State Bank of India, w hich is the lead lender to Kingfisher airlines said that they would not consider giving any more loans to Kingfisher unless and until it comes up with a new equity by itself. Political activists also claimed that bailing or helping a private airline would lead to problems within the Government.By February 27, Kingfisher operated only above 150 out of its 400 flights and only 28 aircraft were functional. Reuters reported that if Kingfisher were to shutdown, it would be the biggest failure in the History of Indian Aviation. It was announced that the direct flights to the smaller airports of Jaipur, Thiruvananthapuram, Nagpur and also to Hyderabads Rajiv Gandhi International Airport were all shut down and only one/two-stop flights from its main hubs of Delhi and Mumbai would operate. In response to a situation as bad as bankruptcy, Vijay Mallya announced that he had organized funds to pay all the employees overdue salaries.With bank accounts frozen and huge debts due, it is unknown so as from where he arranged the money. But he apologized to his workers and said that he would pay them immediately. By this time, kingfisher had accumulated losses of 444 crore during the third quarter of the fiscal year 2011-12. December 2011 and part of the arrears. BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 88 EISSN 2277-4955 FROZEN BANK ACCOUNTS On March 3, 2012, The Central Board of Excise & Customs of India froze many more Kingfisher accounts as it was unable to pay all the dues as per schedule. Kingfisher was meant to pay 1 crore per working day.Aviation minister Ajit Singh warned the airline about the temporary suspension of the license until the crisis was sorted out. He announced that the rest of the airlines fleet would be grounded and all flights cancelled until the crisis came to an end. This would be only one step from permanently closing the airline. IATA SUSPENSION On March 7, 2012 IATA suspended ticket sales of Kingfisher airlines citing non-payment of dues as the pri mary reason, and they said that sales services will only be restored once Kingfisher settles ICH (IATA Clearing House) account.IATA also immediately directed all travel agents to stop booking tickets for Kingfisher. This would affect Kingfishers business by around 30%. Kingfisher claimed that frozen bank accounts was the main cause of being unable to pay the IATA, and the airline started devising alternate arrangements for the sale of tickets. Soon it became difficult for the airline to follow the much smaller schedule that it earlier released as even more pilots began to go on strike. UNCERTAINTY AHEAD After analysing the entire scenario, there are strong possibilities of more difficult situation in the last month of fiscal year 2011-12.The company is in dilemma of finding help, but from where? 2. TEACHING NOTES 1. The purpose of the case is to make the students aware about the situation of financial crisis in any organisation. The issues bear on in the case are about the financi al turmoil and its effects on the business and market share of the company. 3. 4. 2. 1. Is the Problem of Kingfisher Airlines Industry specific or Company Specific? What is the Impact of High Level of Debt on the operating performance of company? Should Government bailout Kingfisher Airlines? According to you, what are the possible ways for the company to overcome this situation?QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION Government has refused for bailing and all the lenders and bankers have no more trust. The employees are also not able to project the salary crisis and the slipping market share leads the more difficulties. Promoter Vijay Malya has to decide the way ahead. Whether is it possible to save the company? There are very hardly a(prenominal) alternatives. As per the previous news, Etihad Airways was interested in investing in Kingfisher by providing equity in exchange for a stake in the airline. Also involved in the talks was the International Airlines Group, owner of British flag carrie r British Airways and Spanish flag carrier Iberia.But the question is the permission by Government. So at present there is very tough situation for Vijay Malya and for the company. Will new fiscal year bring any solution for the company? lets wait and watch. BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 89 EISSN 2277-4955 3. The case would be first given for individual reading for 15 min and then for 15 min the case can be discussed in groups of 4-5 students. 4. The case can be taught along with the concepts like ways to overcome the crisis and surviving strategies required to save the organisation keeping in mind the possible different options available. 5.The students can come prepared with topics of prevailing crisis in Indian aviation industry and REFERENCES 6. other factors related to the aviation industry in detail. Cross reference can be made taking into account the strategies used by the local, market of the go organisation. national and international players to capture the sli pping http//www. flykingfisher. com/mediacenter/press-releases/kingfisher-airlinesannouncement. aspx http//in. finance. yahoo. com/news/kingfisherairlines-q3-loss-widens-033419822. html http//timesofindia. indiatimes. com/india/Kingfi sher /12258986. cms http//articles. economictimes. ndiatimes. com/2 011-12-08/news/30490358_1_pilots-industrialaction-kingfisher airlines http//profit. ndtv. com/News/Article/aai-warnskingfisher-airlines-to-settle-dues-297284 http//articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2 010-09-26/news/27585421_1_cash-and-carrymode-bpcl-s chairman-kingfisher-airlines http//timesofindia. indiatimes. com/business/indiabusiness/Kingfisher-may-have-to-weather-pilotstorm-next/articleshow/12214372. cms Annexure 1 grocery store share of Kingfisher Airlines as on January 2012 in the domestic Aviation Airline/Company Jet Airways (Including Jet Lite) Indigo Air India Spice Jet Kingfisher Go Air Share 28. 8% 20. 8% 17. 1% 16. 3% 11. 3% 5. 8% Source http//in. finance. yahoo. c om/news/kingfisher-airlines-q3-loss-widens-033419822. html BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 90 EISSN 2277-4955 Annexure 2 Price Movement and Performance Charts of Kingfisher Airlines Annexure 3 Index Comparison and Ownership Pattern of Kingfisher Airlines Sourcehttp//www. bseindia. com/bseplus/StockReach/AdvanceStockReach. aspx? scripcode=532747 Annexure 4 Comparative Balance Sheet of Kingfisher Airlines Rs. In crores Sources Of bullion broad(a) Share Capital rightfulness Share Capital Share Appl.Money Pref. Share Capital Reserves Net worth Mar 11 1,050. 88 497. 78 2. 95 553. 10 -4,005. 02 -2,951. 19 Mar 10 362. 91 265. 91 7. 48 97. 00 -4,268. 84 -3,898. 45 Mar 09 362. 91 265. 91 8. 11 97. 00 -2,496. 36 -2,125. 34 Mar 08 135. 80 135. 80 10. 09 0. 00 52. 99 198. 88 Jun 07 135. 47 135. 47 0. 00 0. 00 249. 23 384. 70 Jun 06 98. 18 98. 18 0. 00 0. 00 125. 95 224. 13 Mar05 16. 20 16. 20 0. 00 0. 00 -2. 54 13. 66 BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. -1, JAN-APRIL-2012 85 EISSN 2277-4955 Sec ured Loans Unsecured Loans Total Debt Total Liabilities Application Of Funds Gross Block Less Accum.Dep. Net Block Capital WIP Investments Inventories Sundry Debtors Cash & Bank Bal. Total CA Loans & Adv. FDs CA, Loans & Adv. Current Liabilities Provisions Total CL & Prov. Net Current Assets Misc. Expenses Total Assets 2,254. 26 682. 37 1,571. 89 673. 35 0. 05 187. 65 440. 53 88. 18 716. 36 5,380. 19 164. 18 6,260. 73 4,463. 86 62. 11 4,525. 97 1,734. 76 125. 84 4,105. 89 2,048. 14 493. 62 1,554. 52 980. 61 0. 05 164. 88 322. 49 50. 91 538. 28 4,604. 31 155. 56 5,298. 15 3,908. 03 46. 77 3,954. 80 1,343. 35 145. 64 4,024. 17 1,891. 80 316. 29 1,575. 51 1,630. 95 0. 05 147. 5 229. 84 49. 41 426. 50 3,640. 42 122. 45 4,189. 37 3,814. 63 45. 55 3,860. 18 329. 19 4. 51 3,540. 21 322. 33 43. 55 278. 78 346. 25 0. 00 48. 64 27. 16 5. 84 81. 64 832. 49 274. 29 1,188. 42 687. 31 9. 52 696. 83 491. 59 16. 64 1,133. 26 340. 77 33. 74 307. 03 357. 62 0. 41 61. 62 35. 24 422. 05 518. 91 149. 77 395. 00 1,063. 68 449. 15 6. 94 456. 09 607. 59 28. 75 1,301. 40 247. 33 16. 40 230. 93 286. 53 0. 41 57. 26 13. 06 181. 17 251. 49 232. 03 75. 31 558. 83 434. 05 5. 93 439. 98 118. 85 39. 08 675. 80 55. 25 4. 52 50. 73 153. 09 0. 45 36. 40 8. 27 47. 08 91. 75 47. 8 35. 85 174. 88 108. 77 1. 07 109. 84 65. 04 28. 83 298. 14 5,184. 53 1,872. 55 7,057. 08 4,105. 89 4,842. 43 3,080. 17 7,922. 60 4,024. 15 2,622. 52 3,043. 04 5,665. 56 3,540. 22 592. 38 342. 00 934. 38 1,133. 26 716. 71 200. 00 916. 71 1,301. 41 448. 16 3. 50 451. 66 657. 79 159. 42 125. 06 284. 48 298. 14 Sourcehttp//www. moneycontrol. com/financials/kingfisherairlines/balancesheet/KA02KA02 Annexure 5 Comparative P A/c of Kingfisher Airlines Rs. In crores Income Net Sales Other Income Total Income Expenditure Raw Materials Power & Fuel Cost Employee Cost Other Manu.Exp. Sell. & Admn Exp. 56. 69 2,274. 03 680. 54 1,192. 80 997. 34 40. 89 1,802. 99 689. 38 1,108. 82 996. 85 51. 19 2,602. 62 825. 42 1,112. 85 1,062. 74 4 3. 79 889. 30 244. 96 408. 21 180. 39 45. 94 979. 50 247. 72 617. 56 146. 78 36. 73 625. 45 163. 04 425. 48 114. 38 5. 77 92. 98 31. 76 104. 78 29. 13 Mar 11 6,233. 38 81. 58 6,314. 96 Mar 10 5,067. 92 -333. 30 4,734. 62 Mar 09 5,269. 17 598. 90 5,868. 07 Mar 08 1,456. 28 113. 62 1,569. 90 Jun 07 1,800. 21 342. 10 2,142. 31 Jun06 1285. 42 59. 64 1345. 06 Mar05 305. 55 14. 73 320. 28 BAUDDHIK VOLUME 3, NO. 1, JAN-APRIL-2012 86 EISSN 2277-4955 Misc. Exp. Total Expenses PBDIT Interest PBDT Depreciation Other Written Off Profit Before Tax Extra-ordinary items Tax Reported Net Profit Shares in issue (lakhs) EPS (Rs) Equity Dividend (%) Book Value (Rs) Per share data (annualised) 4,977. 79 -20. 64 0. 00 -70. 46 2,659. 09 -61. 95 0. 00 -150. 54 2,659. 09 -60. 50 0. 00 -83. 88 1,357. 99 -13. 85 0. 00 13. 90 1,354. 70 -30. 97 0. 00 28. 40 981. 82 -34. 69 0. 00 22. 83 31. 06 -54. 05 0. 00 43. 96 87. 94 5,289. 34 1,025. 62 2,340. 32 -1,314. 70 203. 02 38. 01 -1,555. 73 72. 99 -455. 35

Consolidating the Directv Acquisition

Case 7 news Corp. in 2005, Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition The fictitious character focuses on the acquisition and consolidation of DirecTV by media mogul Rupert Murdochs intelligence service Corp. After the acquisition, Murdochs gist-and-distribution empire spanned four continents, with more than 26 million subscribers. Murdoch, News Corp. s chairman, had ambitions to build one of the most powerful media companies in the world. He aspired to have a balance between subscription and advertising revenue, the best mix of content and distribution and the widest geographic spread in the world.There be a heterogeneous aspects of the general purlieu firstly the political/legal aspect of the general environment was initi totallyy most profound in the purchase of DirecTV by News Corp. FTC concerns of potential market concentration issues if EchoStar purchased DirecTV forced the two to drop discussion, paving the trend for News Corp. s purchase of DirecTV. Technology is probably the most important current aspect of the general environment.Secondly, Demographic segment Growing markets ecumenical for various communication and entertainment media content. Thirdly, Socio-cultural segment macroscopicly due to rapid changes in technology, as well as increased overall orbicularization efforts, consumers are worthy increasely sophisticated in the quality and type of communication and entertainment that they expect. Communication, news and entertainment provided by DirecTV and similar services have become viewed as nearly a necessity in a modern world.Fourthly, Economic segment while general economic conditions and level of economic development in a particular country or region may hinder some feasibility of these types of services, in general, they are needed and apply by markets worldwide regardless of overall economic conditions. Fifthly, Political/legal segment The FTC, the governings watchdog arm that oversees competition policy, is responsible for ensu ring that consumers interests are protected. If an industry is acquire increasingly concentrated, the FTC can use antitrust laws to prevent further consolidation of the industry or break up previous consolidation.The FCC, the governments watchdog arm that oversees the communications industry, is responsible for overseeing companies that sell communications products and services. Finally, Technological/global segment The 1980s and 1990s saw a worldwide race to induce television programs to global markets. Cable operators invested in laying cables and beamed schedule content through these cables into subscribers homes. send television had a much wider reach, because airs orbiting the earth sent the scheduling content directly into the home without the need for a cable connection.By 2000, cable had an important advantage over satellite in that it offered high-speed, two-way admittance, including phone capability. Satellite was still mostly one-way. However, it would take cable co mpanies years of multi-million dollar investments to upgrade to digital technology. DirecTV competes in a broadly defined media industry. Several sectors of this industry king include communications (e. g. telephone, internet, cable, satellite TV), news services, entertainment (e. g. , cable and network programming, movies, pay per view, gaming). There are various characteristics of the dominant industry.Market size is the most providers are regional or national competitors, depending on the facet of media in which they compete. Life cycle stage is growth. Growth rate is rapid. Scope of rivalry is fragmented in some respects, but rivalry is fierce among those that go head to head in specific sectors. Rivalry concentration is the media industry is dominated by large and powerful companies, but most of these are regional, national or multi-national players. Pace of industry change is the technology change is rapid in telecommunications and related fields, which drives significant rap id change in all aspects of media.Product/service differentiation is the consumers often have changing options for substitute products. Porters five forces model of competition to the industry. Generally media is a very attractive industry with substantial growth opportunities, both domestically and internationally. Extensive economies of scope and scale are becoming increasingly influential in this industry and its related sectors. Threat of entry new technologies fuel the constant threat of new entrants into some facet of content and/or delivery in the media industry. Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers is not significant here.Content suppliers must deal with DirecTV due to its massive size and market share. Bargaining power of buyers Customers dicker power is very significant, as consumers increasingly have choices of how and when they take delivery of content. Threat of substitute products many potential substitutes exist, along with many ways to access c ontent. Rivalry amongst existing competitors Rivalry is fierce, as News Corp. had substantial content that cable providers needed for product scope, permitting premium pricing. Cable and satellite are eternally battling for new or switching customers.Critical success factors DirecTV must continue to be aggressive in its acquisition and implementation of new technology. They must also be keenly aware of customer tastes and preferences for content and delivery options. There are two types of resources Tangible and intangible. News Corp. s tangible resources are its global satellite platform and its strength in both content and distribution, as well as an impressive set of fast-growing networks such as obnubilate News, Fox Sports, National Geographic and Speed Channel and satellite distribution in Europe, Asia and Australia. Before its acquisition of DirecTV, News Corp. as a global company, but had no direct broadcast satellite presence in the United States. DirecTV had three primary components at the time it was acquired by News Corp. , all of which appear helpful for expanding News Corps scale and scope of offerings it was the largest US provider of direct broadcast satellite, giving customers access to hundreds of channels of digital-quality video and audio programming PanAmSat owned and operated 25 satellites that covered 98% of the worlds population and broadband satellite networks and services were provided to both consumers and enterprises.Intangible resources an aggressive corporate culture used to dealing in the high-pressure, ever-changing media industry, which fuels significant interest in developing scope and scale of product content and delivery. There are unique sexual resources and capabilities of DirecTV that played a prominent role in Murdochs decision to acquire DirecTV. DirecTV was the first entertainment service in the US to deliver all digital-quality multi-channels TV programming through an 18-inch satellite dish. In 2003 DirecTV had 12. million subscribers, 10. 7 million of which were DirecTV subscribers, and the remaining receiving DirecTV service from members and affiliates of the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative. This unique capability potentially provided Murdoch with a vast American market and the ability to shake his programming from the seeming stranglehold of American cable companies. The rivalry like between News Corp. and its competitor(s) during the acquisition of DirecTV. In September 2000, Murdoch offered $22 billion for a 35% stake in DirecTV.In Feb 2001 Hughes stock declined, and Murdoch reduced his bid for a 30% stake. As News Corp. negotiated with Hughes Electronics for the sale of DirecTV, the progress was very slow. In 2001, EchoStar surprised many by making an unsolicited bid to buy Hughes for $30. 4 billion in stock and $1. 9 billion in assumed debt. EchoStar was in the US satellite pay-tv market and a combined DirecTV and EchoStar would control as much as 92% of that market. Murd och used this knowledge to lobby intensely to block the merger on antitrust grounds, and DirecTV and EchoStar dropped their deal.In April 2003, News Corp. acquired GMs 19. 9% stake in Hughes and a further 14. 1% from public stakeholders. The feature of the external environment does News Corp. use to fend off its rivals. Murdoch used a US government regulatory body, the FTC, to make sure that his rival EchoStar did not get a chance to buy DirecTV. He forced the issue to the FTC that combination of DirecTV and EchoStar would create a monster that would control 92% of the market. Once the sale to EchoStar was blocked, News Corp. went forward and made a successful bid for the purchase of DirecTV.The News Corp. integrates the newly acquired DirecTV into its global strategy. DirecTV was immediately re-structured. Labor disputes were settled and half the employees were retrenched. DirecTV became increasingly focused on core production line, selling its 80% stake in the satellite launch bu siness for $2. 5 billion, and its set-top-box manufacturing and XM Satellite Radio. The proceeds of these sales were used to pay about $1. 4 billion for rural satellite companies that had 1. 5 million subscribers, dramatically increasing market share.The factors inhibit News Corps strategy from delivering its full potential. In order to close the DirecTV deal, News Corp. had to make some concessions (1) Since the FCC had already censor large cable operators from discriminating against rival programmers, DirecTV could not use its muscle power to its full advantage (2) News Corp. had to submit to arbitration if cable operators impeach it of using its popular channels as bargaining tools. These restrictions were temporary, as they expired within six years.

As Long as You Love Me

Knowledge is Power. discipline is the most powerful tool in the world. The more you know the better you get along in the world. Unless you support a decent upbringing Jobs will be scarce and you will struggle for the dwell of your purport trying to make ends meet. You dont have to be rich to survive, but you sure do want your education to stay ahead of the tax man, hunger, and ending up out on the streets of the city. genteelness is fantastic and with every turn of it you percolate something interesting.Wiseacres is an example of how you bear help others by what you know, but also learn from others. It keeps your mind bustling and on the ball As we age (and we all do) unless you keep your mind active you will have a poor quality of life. Knowledge keeps you alive and young. There Is also the friendship of life. Some nation who have never had the opportunity for a fine education cornerstone be wiser than the ones that have a favorable education because they have learned much from life the hard air .Education is wisdom and having an education and closing your eyes and heart around you is the first turn to Ignorance of the mind, Getting compensable for better Jobs Having a education will allow you a better chance of acquire a Job that pays a above Mullen wage. Many people who be making what Is labeled as PEANUTS Is because the employer is not paying you for what you know, but what you can do physically-youth these days need to know the consequences of not finishing heights school. School drops will attend is the Hard School of Knocks.Which is the bad experiences in life that will go if you dont know. Ignorance which meaner not knowing will occur if you dont stimulate your mind with whats important. To survive you must have familiarity and money. 30th of these equal power. I am not guessing that all educated people ar smart, I know legion(predicate) educated people who eave no common sense. There are many who can quote formulas but cannot t ell you one thing about LIFE in general. So you need both to survive in this world. I have always said if you dont live life, life will live you.Go to school. Get your lesson, do your very best. Increase your skills and fertilize your champions. The barely if useless brain is the one in a Jar. Formal education, together with plenty of work by the student can produce qualifications and credentials that are essential for most types of better paying Jobs. You getting deduction meaner youre getting less salary. Do have a education that you will buzz off a good job remember their are people with the best education possible and still cant find a better Job than flipping burgers for a life.Its not wrong to imagine that but there is more to it they think about what college you were n compared to someone else so Just think about It first. It Is very easy to relieve Importance of education. No human beings are able to survive properly without education. By the meaner of education only o nes potential can be used to make decision. Through education only one can make separate identity. It is most important in life like our basic need foods, groom and shelter. With the beginning we learnt how to interact with others, how to make friends because of education only.As I remember when my parents had enrolled my name in school not only I learnt the alphabets and numbers but also I made friends, interacted with them with teachers. With further development you were confront with the sense of competition and desire and other such emotions and feelings, you also learnt to control these emotions and feelings. And also teaches how to act in different situations. Education is not Just stricter teaching a person the basic academics, say computers, mathematics, geography or history education is a much larger term.If you want to find out the adjoin of education on any individuality, you better do an intense observation to the ways of well-educated people and then compare them wit h an illiterate man. You would get a clear picture of the education and its accurate concept. Education is one of the important portions which formulate the persona of a person. Education is a productive and beneficial factor in a persons life. It is everyones right to get. The training of a human mind is not complete without education.Only because of education a man are able to receive information from the external humanity, to notify him with past and receive all essential information concerning the present. When one travels around the world, one observes to what an extraordinary degree human constitution is the same, whether in India or Australia, London, Europe or America. Conservative education makes independent thinking extremely complicated. If we are being educated merely to achieve distinction, to get a better Job, to be more efficient, to have wider domination over others, then our lives will be shallow and empty.If we re being educated only to be scientists, to be schol ars wedded to books, or specialists addicted to knowledge, then we shall be contributing to the destruction and blow of the world. We may be highly educated, but if we are without meaningful combination of thought and feeling, our lives are unelaborated and clashing. Education develops a meaningful outlook on life. The individual are different but to underscore the differences and to encourage the development of a definite type education is must. Education is not Just a matter of training the mind. Training makes for efficiency, but it does not bring about completeness.Knowledge and efficiency are necessary, which brings up by education. Education should help us to discover lasting values unfortunately, the present governing body of education is making us submissive, emotionless and deeply thoughtless. Systems, whether educational or political, are not changed without explanation they are transformed when there is a fundamental change in ourselves. The individual is of first imp ortance, not the scheme and as long as the individual does not understand the total process of himself, no system can bring order and peace to the world.

Understanding Theories

In addition, this essay examines contrary stakeholder perspectives in relation to the harries and their issues, and it concluded by focusing on what type of knowledge, capability, and skills a autobus requires in format to deal with these specific issues. Coca cola was founded during the year 1887, by Doctor John Phenomenon, a druggist from Atlanta. John established a companion which immediately began building its global network, he was kn give as the man who achieved a global success through an intelligent risk.Over the years, the participations success rate continuously sum upd, and the deep emotional bond surrounded by Coca- booby and its consumers grew even more powerful and more global (Coca Cola, 2014). In 2014, Coca-Cola advised that the previous year $2. 8 billion in stock was purchased, however they had planned to increase that amount to between $3. 0 billion and $3. 5 billion for the full year, ascribable to positive sales, this is a clear indication of the compa nys success (Reuters, 2013).The Coca-Cola Company, is the worlds doublest beverage company, operating in more than 200 countries, across America, Europe, Eurasia, Africa and the Pacific. This multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and foodstuffer of non- alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia (Coca Cola, 2014). The plump forary sector, internationalistic giving medication, has not been owned by a single individual in almost 100 years. It is a public company that trades its sh atomic number 18s on the New York stock exchange signification it is owned by thousands of sh atomic number 18holders and investors worldwide (Coca Cola, 2014).Coca Cola is known as one of the world most prosperous beverage companies to date, flowly operating with any over 700 000 employees across the globe, including Mutter Kent the chairman of the board and chief executive officer (Coca Cola, 2014). The function and contingency po ssibleness are both of signifi give the bouncece to Coca Cola. The Contingency guess is a class of behavioral possibility that claims that there is no one best way to lead an organization, organize a corporation or practice a decision. Instead, the appropriate organisational structure depends on the contingencies facing the organization (Travis Spread, 2012).Coca cola does not birth control over the contingencies that are continuously arising deep down its internal and external environment this includes political changes, such(prenominal) as the increased health standards for bottling. The contingency surmise was chosen as it typifies that implementation of the appropriate organizational structures, depending on the contingencies the organization is facing, lead result in business success. The managers at Coca Cola are aware that companies whose characteristics fit with the contingencies in the current situation result perform more effectively compared to an organization whose characteristics do not.Hence, implementation of this theory has on the wholeowed managers to adopt trustworthy characteristics of the organization, such as the structure, to suit contingencies within their environment. The spot theory is concerned with resolving problems that can exist in agency relationships that is, between principals and agents of the principals (Investigated, 2013). Gener all(prenominal)y, in large companies, with managers acting on behalf of their owners, many issues will arise in relation to the principle and the agent. Managers tend to misdemean if the interests of them and the company owners diverge (Eisenhower, K.M, 1989, page 58). The agency theory is of crucial importance to this study, as it highlights ethical and commercialised issues which arise from an agent/principal relationship. As seen with Coca Cola, 2013 entailed substantial pay cuts to most top executives, payable to over one fourth of the shareholders voting a pull togetherst them . As a result, many executives became denominated to work in upgrade of shareholders, who they believed were only acting in their own self-interests. In the article Theory of the Firm Managerial Behavior, part Costs and Ownership Structure Jensen, M.C & Neckline state that if both parties to the relationship are utility maximizes, it is almost certain that the agent will not act in the best interests of the principal Nonsense, M. C & Neckline. W. H, 1976, Page 5). The authors nominate that many complications can arise as a result of a number of costs, including monitoring costs, in such a relationship. Jensen and Neckline then typify, that the principal may limit these divergences by implementing appropriate incentives for the agents and and by subject monitoring costs designed to limit the aberrant activities of the agent Nonsense, M.C & Neckline. W. H, 1976). The Academy of Management Review by Kathleen M. Eisenhower, is a second study on agency theory, which states that the re are two main problems that the agency sub is concerned with resolving. The first problem is the problem of risk sharing, which is the problems that arise when the principal and agent have different attitudes towards taking risk (Eisenhower, K. M, 1989, page 64). Due to different risk tolerances, the principal and agent may for each one be inclined to take different actions, which will result in the agency problem.The second problem, known as the agency problem, is the problems which arise, when the goals of the principle and the agent are not aligned. These problems both arise as a result of information asymmetry. Eisenhower highlights these problems in order to remind us that regardless of what we think, organizational bearing is found on individuals acting in their own self-interest (Eisenhower, K. M, 1989, page 64). Leg Donaldson, in his 2001 account The contingency theory of organizational design, provides a comprehensive, in depth analysis of the contingency theory.He s tates that a successful organization is not one that adopts the maximum level, entirely sort of, the appropriate level of structural variables, that depend on round level of the contingency variable (Donaldson, 2001). He then proceeds with explaining that a company may only increase its performance levels by adopting strategies depending on the contingencies the organization is facing (Donaldson, 2001). Similarly, in his paper, Complex Organizations A critical essay, Charles Proper too stresses the importance of the contingency theory within organizations.According to Proper, organizations should adopt organic structures, based on the internal and external contingencies the company is faced with (Proper, 1979). He states that business structures should be developed harmonise to each individual organization, rather than upon some universal principles or procedures (Proper, 1979). Proper strongly believes that complying with the contingency theory will result in the business achi eving utmost success. A number of issues in relation to precaution and the organization have been raised, as a result of the agency and contingency theories.The agency theory was initially designed in order to assist in the understanding of the agent/principle relationship. Williamson (1985) identified timeserving behavior as a norm within organizations, stating that agency problems are more than likely to occur. He specified that managers often act opportunistically, and that trustworthiness is no longer common. Jensen and Neckline (1976), supported Williamson claim, they believe it is generally unsufferable that management will act in favor of the principle, as their main focus is to maximize their own wealth.Coca Cola proved this to be true in 2013, when Californian managers were sued for underpaying their employees in order to reduce expenses (D. Blackburn. 2013). Jensen and Neckline (1976) also believe that the agency theory may also initiate moral issues between the agent a nd opposite takeovers, such as the public. As seen with Coca Cola, India, 2002 entailed an agency issue between management and the public. Communities across India liveliness around Coca-Colas bottling plants experienced severe irrigate shortages, as a result of Coca-Colas massive extraction of water from the common groundwater resource.The public criticized the company, stating that Coca Cola is willing to damage the nation, for their own self-interest of cost cutting. The company refused to amend their procedures until they were forced to by government. (Blackburn, 2013 ) expire and Van De Even (1985) believe that environmental uncertainty can occur as a result of the contingency theory. They believe that an issue with the theory is that there are no pre-developed structures that an organization can adopt if internal and external contingencies, unexpectedly occur.In order to avoid these issues, Drain and Van De Even (1985) state that an organization must develop structures that it can quickly implement if internal and external contingencies, unexpectedly occur. In 1981, Coca cola began to lose market share to Pepsi, as the company had developed a new racketing procedure, which did not appeal to the public. Coca Cola failed to develop alternate plans if contingencies within the external market, such as increased competition occur. As a result, by 1983, Coca Colas market shared, decreased to an all-time low of Just below 24%.Due to this disastrous situation, Roberto Goutiest, Coca Colas chairman at the time, decided that in the future, the company will rule out all contingencies and possibilities, and have further plans, if their current procedures fail. In his article Contingency theory Science or Technology Stephen C. Beets insinuates that over the years, many criticisms/limitations of the contingency theory have developed. He states that one criticism of the contingency theory is that the causation of certain contingencies are assumed, but not explained (Beets, 2011).The assumption is that because a set of environmental conditions and organizational design characteristics were found to be correlate that this is the best fit (Beets, 2011). Stephen (2011) then continues to explain that decisions should not be do based on this assumption, instead informed decisions must be made, based on glacial reasoning of each unique situation. Morehouse (2007), believes that the theory fails to explain why some people are more effective leaders in some situations than others.Shah (1979) adds on to Northerners claim, he states that the theory has not identified what an organization should do, when there is a mismatch between the managers and the current situation within the workplace. Similarly, in his text Management and organizational theory, Jeffery A. Miles makes aware many limitations of the agency theory. Miles suggests that empirical research as failed to support basic tenets of the theory, including ways to mitigate the agency problem (Mi les, 2012). Hence, researchers are now asking for re-examination of the theory so that research can move into new and different directions.Miles (2012), made reference to Proper (1986) who claimed that the agency theory does not clearly address any organizational problems, as well as Hirsch and Friedman (1986) who invited agency theory as excessively narrow, focusing primarily on organizational stock price. Different stakeholders have different views regarding the contingency ND agency theories. Assassinates (1989), highlights that perspectives will differ amongst all stakeholders, regarding risk sharing, which is one of the main problems within the agency theory.Assassinates (1989) stated that managers tend to avoid taking risks, as they fear the possibility of failure, which may result in damaging the organization. On the other hand, other stakeholders, such as shareholders of the company, may support the idea of risk sharing, as certain risks may result in increased profits for t he company, hence, maximizing their shares. As stated prior, Jensen, M. C and Neckline (1976) believe that managers (agent) tend to make decisions that will result in maximizing their own utility. In doing this, agents will significantly benefit, as their own wealth may substantially increase.On the other hand, shareholders of the company (principles) will generally oppose these decisions, as they fear that they arent receiving a fair share and getting the best possible investment from the company. Similarly, Woolworth, being the agent of Coca Cola, move to boost its own profit margin, by decreasing Coca Colas prices, before lacing them on the shelves. Woolworth try to maximize their own utility, by decreasing costs of Coca Cola, with the intention of gaining more customers, hence modify their market share.Coca Cola felt as though Woolworth breached their contract terms, as they were gaining an unfair leverage http//www. Afar. Com/p/ business/companies/clash_of_the_titans_woolies_ coke_KJLlpFFlJfabEGgdeAnswO . Similarly to the agency theory, stakeholders also have opposing views in relation to the contingency theory and its issue of environmental uncertainty. Managers may appreciate the idea of environmental uncertainty, as it creates a spontaneous environment, which may work in their favor. Managers are able to adopt the business strategies that they know will be effective, repayable to past experiences.On the other hand, other stakeholders, such as employees may not appreciate environmental uncertainty, as continuously changing management structures, may require employees to attain new skills. Hence, employees will be require to spend more time in the training and development process, thus, resulting in increased costs for the business, meaning less pay and/ or benefits for employees. In earlier years, Coca Cola in India saw that environmental contingencies, such as economic decline, were forcing other Indian companies to change their employee pay rates.A s a result, Coca Cola changed their employee pay rates, in line with the other Indian companies. The Indian companies success rates began to increase due to cost cutting, however Coca cola experienced a significant level of employees voluntarily passing the company, as they became denominated and felt mis hardened (Coca Cola, 2012). Managers/leaders must ensure that prior to managing an organization they have an understating that perspectives will differ, amongst all stakeholders within the company.Managers must ensure that they reason logically and fairly rather than emotionally, this will stop up that they do not act in their own self-interest. Therefore, they must pay attention to his/her personal as well as other peoples assumptions, perspectives, and biases. This process should be approached with integrity, open-mindedness, honesty, and accuracy. It is also important for a leader/ manager to uphold ethical and moral standards, in doing so employees with feel as Hough they are being treated Justly.As a result, managers are not only increasing efficiency, but also nurturing skills, developing talent, inspiring results, and erasing all employee concerns regarding any issues of mistreatment, such as underpay. Further to this, managers must not only treat employees fairly, but also, all other stakeholders within their company, such as shareholders, customers, suppliers, and so on. In doing so, leaders will ensure that they gain positive relationships, which will result in improving the market share of the company, hence, gaining a significant token(a) advantage.